For digital rights activists, an important milestone came in 2016 with the adoption of the UN Human Rights Council resolution on promoting and protecting the freedom of users online. Yet, 51 intentional disruptions of the internet and electronic communications took place in the first 10 months of 2016 in countries across the world. For Africans, 2016 shaped up to be "the year of internet shutdowns," as at least 11 governments interfered with the internet during elections or protests. In 2017, the threat of internet blackouts, besides surveillance and monitoring of online activities, still looms large. Deji Olukotun, the senior global advocacy manager with Access Now says that there are significant challenges facing internet freedom. These include, he says, "the increasing sophistication of internet shutdowns to target smaller groups of people and locations" besides the deployment of technologies "that don't truly provide new users with access to the full, open internet." Governments